Video and audio fake news formats distributed on Facebook in the form of dis/misinformation have caused so much fear, and panic, and received unpleasant reactions among users. This study adopted a comparative experimental design to test the hypotheses by varying the valence, thus types of formats or modalities, the educational levels, credibility, and sharing intentions of the participants, thu...

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a technique for determining a measure’s factor structure and assessing its internal consistency or reliability. EFA is essential for determining which components should be included in the study instrument. Social media is one of the most critical factors that affect online shopping behaviour. Thus, this study aims to use exploratory factor an...

The purpose of this investigation was to systematically evaluate environmental communication studies across the communication-related disciplines. This study achieved the goal by examining published articles in 28 journals from the time period spanning 1973-2014. A total of 142 articles were evaluated based on an analysis of authorial, topical, theoretical, and methodological information. The f...